[Multi-scenario Simulation of Construction Land Expansion and Its Impact on Ecosystem Carbon Storage in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration].

It is of great practical significance for regional sustainable development and ecological construction to quantitatively analyze the impact of construction land expansion on terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage and to explore the optimization scheme of simulating construction land expansion to improve future ecosystem carbon storage. Based on the land use and cover change (LUCC) and other geospatial data of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration from 2000 to 2020, this study utilized the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model and the patch-generating land-use simulation (PLUS) model to assess and analyze the changes in ecosystem carbon stocks and spatial patterns regionally. In this study, we performed linear regression analysis to investigate the relationship between urban land expansion and changes in ecosystem carbon stocks for varying urban land proportion levels during two distinct time intervals, 2000-2010 and 2010-2020, which was conducted at a spatial resolution of 2 km. Three distinct urban land expansion scenarios were subjected to simulation to forecast the prospective land use pattern by 2030. Subsequently, we quantified the ramifications of these scenarios on ecosystem carbon stocks during the period from 2020 to 2030. The results were as follows:① In the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration, the ecosystem carbon stocks exhibited notable variations over the study period, with values of 2 088.02, 2 106.78, and 2 121.25 Tg recorded for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively, resulting in a cumulative carbon sequestration of 33.23 Tg C during the study duration. It is noteworthy that forest carbon storage emerged as the dominant contributor, with an increase from 1 010.17 Tg in 2000 to 1 136.53 Tg in 2020. Throughout the study period, the spatial distribution of carbon stocks displayed relative stability. Regions characterized by lower carbon content were concentrated in the vicinity of the Bohai Rim region and in proximity to cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang, as well as rural settlements. In contrast, grid units with moderate and high carbon stocks were predominantly situated in the western Taihang Mountain and the northern Yanshan Mountain. Additionally, there was a tendency of increasing carbon stocks in the Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain region, whereas those surrounding major urban centers such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, and Tangshan experienced a notable decline in carbon stocks. Such reductions were most pronounced in regions undergoing urban land expansion during the study period. ② In grid units with an urban land proportion exceeding 10% at each level, a strong correlation was observed between urban land expansion and changes in carbon stocks during both the 2000-2010 and 2010-2020 periods. The changes in urban land proportion adequately explained the variations in carbon stocks. However, the explanatory power of urban land on carbon stocks decreased during the 2010-2020 period, indicating that other factors played a more substantial role in influencing carbon stocks during this time. The regression coefficients for both periods exhibited a fluctuating upward trend. In comparison to that during the 2000-2010 period, the impact of urban land expansion on carbon stocks was relatively smaller during 2010-2020, indicating a weakening influence. ③ In light of three distinct development scenarios, namely natural development (Scenario Ⅰ), a 15% reduction in the rate of urban land expansion (Scenario Ⅱ), and a 30% reduction in the rate of urban land expansion (Scenario Ⅲ), the projected ecosystem carbon stocks for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration in the year 2030 were estimated to be 2 129.12, 2 133.55, and 2 139.10 Tg, respectively. These projections indicated an increase of 7.88, 12.30, and 17.85 Tg in comparison to the current carbon stocks. All scenarios demonstrated that the terrestrial ecosystem would play a role of carbon sink, particularly with the greatest carbon sink observed in the scenario with a 30% reduction in urban land expansion. The fit performance between urban land expansion and carbon stock changes during the 2020-2030 period was significantly better than that during the 2000-2010 and 2010-2020 periods, and the regression coefficients showed a fluctuating increase with an increase in urban land proportion. Across grid units with different urban land proportion levels, the regression coefficients exhibited the order of Scenario Ⅰ < Scenario Ⅱ < Scenario Ⅲ. In pursuit of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration should prioritize scenarios with reduced rates of urban land expansion, especially in regions with higher urban land proportions.

Machine Learning for Experimental Reactivity of a Set of Metal Clusters toward C-H Activation.

Understanding the mechanisms of C-H activation of alkanes is a very important research topic. The reactions of metal clusters with alkanes have been extensively studied to reveal the electronic features governing C-H activation, while the experimental cluster reactivity was qualitatively interpreted case by case in the literature. Herein, we prepared and mass-selected over 100 rhodium-based clusters (RhxVyOz- and RhxCoyOz-) to react with light alkanes, enabling the determination of reaction rate constants spanning six orders of magnitude. A satisfactory model being able to quantitatively describe the rate data in terms of multiple cluster electronic features (average electron occupancy of valence s orbitals, the minimum natural charge on the metal atom, cluster polarizability, and energy gap involved in the agostic interaction) has been constructed through a machine learning approach. This study demonstrates that the general mechanisms governing the very important process of C-H activation by diverse metal centers can be discovered by interpreting experimental data with artificial intelligence.

An innovative exploration to identify and isolate the dominant-flocculated-species from polytitanium chloride synthesized by electrodialysis.

Abundance of dominant-flocculated-species is the key to determine coagulation performance of coagulant. Titanium-based coagulants have garnered considerable attention due to their high coagulation efficiency, but with a current challenge of the identification and isolation of the dominant-flocculated-species. Herein, polytitanium chloride (PTC), enriched with dominant-flocculated-species, was successfully synthesized by electrodialysis through accurate micro-interface control of the reaction among Ti-hydrolyzed-species and OH-. Special attention was paid to a feasible and high-effective strategy to isolate the dominant-flocculated-species from PTC through one-step rapid ultrafiltration. Selective preference was the ultrafiltration membranes (made of polyethersulfone) with a molecular weight cut-off of 5 kDa, which enabled the isolation of the dominant-flocculated-species, named PTC-5k. Results from the electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) proved a large proportion of the small and medium-sized hydrolyzed products as dominant-flocculated-species in PTC-5k, with the main signals concentrated between m/z 100 and 500. This composition achieved approximately 15.0% higher removal of organic matter with a 33.0% reduction in dosage compared to PTC. Unique snowflake-like branched structure of PTC-5k enhanced the coagulation mechanisms of sweeping and adsorption-bridging flocculation. Worth noting was the more compact flocs formed by PTC-5k than PTC, which was the probable reason for the mitigated fouling of ceramic membrane when PTC-5k was utilized as pre-treatment methodology. Continuous operation of ceramic membrane filtration up to 30 h, demonstrated 30% improvement in stable flux compared to PTC. This study provides the strategy for the isolation of Ti-dominant-flocculated-species, and lays the foundation for practical application.

Titanium Dioxide and N-Doped Carbon Hybrid Nanofiber Modulated Ru Nanoclusters for High-Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalyst.

The designing and fabricating highly active hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts that can superior to Pt/C is extremely desirable but challenging. Herein, the fabrication of Ru/TiO2/N-doped carbon (Ru/TiO2/NC) nanofiber is reported as a novel and highly active HER electrocatalyst through electrospinning and subsequent pyrolysis treatment, in which Ru nanoclusters are dispersed into TiO2/NC hybrid nanofiber. As a novel support, experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that TiO2/NC can more effectively accelerate water dissociation as well as optimize the adsorption strength of *H than TiO2 and NC, thus leading to a significantly enhanced HER activity, which merely requires an overpotential of 18 mV to reach 10 mA cm-2, outperforming Pt/C in an alkaline solution. The electrolytic cell composed of Ru/TiO2/NC nanofiber and NiFe LDH/NF can generate 500 and 1000 mA cm-2 at voltages of 1.631 and 1.753 V, respectively. Furthermore, the electrolytic cell also exhibits remarkable durability for at least 100 h at 200 mA cm-2 with negligible degradation in activity. The present work affords a deep insight into the influence of support on the activity of electrocatalyst and the strategy proposed in this research can also be extended to fabricate various other types of electrocatalysts for diverse electrocatalytic applications.

Ba3Lu(BO3)3:Ce3+,Tb3+/Mn2+: Dual-Functional Material for WLEDs and Optical Pressure Sensing.

Ba3Lu(BO3)3(BLB):Ce3+,Tb3+/Mn2+ phosphors were designed to explore effective and multifunctional applications. Under the excitation of near-ultraviolet (n-UV) light, the BLB:Ce3+ phosphor showed broad-band blue emission. After codoping with Mn2+ ions, the single-phase white light phosphor is achieved through the energy transfer (ET) between Ce3+ and Mn2+. In addition, thermal stability is significantly enhanced by the addition of Tb3+ (BLB:0.02Ce3+,0.20Tb3+) compared to that codoped with Mn2+ (BLB:0.02Ce3+,0.10Mn2+). The light-emitting diode (LED) device with warm white light emission is fabricated with UV-chip-coated BLB:0.02Ce3+,0.05Tb3+ and Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ phosphors, showing a good potential application value for LEDs. Additionally, the spectral properties of borate-based phosphors (BLB:0.02Ce3+) under high pressure were studied for the first time. Surprisingly, the change of pressure enabled the emission peak of BLB:0.02Ce3+ to be tuned from 485 to 552 nm, and dλ/dP is 3.51 nm GPa-1. The color changes from blue to yellow with an increase of pressure. Compared with the reported data, the pressure-sensing sensitivity based on the central peak shift in this work is the highest in all Ce3+ single-doped samples. In addition, the emitting color and intensity were gradually regained after decompression. The intensity can reach 80% of the initial intensity. All data demonstrate that the BLB:0.02Ce3+ phosphor has the potential to be utilized as an optical pressure sensor due to the high-pressure sensitivity and visible color tuning.

Thermal Reactions of NiAl3O6+ and Al4O6+ with Methane: Reactivity Enhancement by Doping.

Investigation of the reactivity of heteronuclear metal oxide clusters is an important way to uncover the molecular-level mechanisms of the doping effect. Herein, we performed a comparative study on the reactions of CH4 with NiAl3O6+ and Al4O6+ cluster cations at room temperature to understand the role of Ni during the activation and transformation of methane. Mass spectrometric experiments identify that both NiAl3O6+ and Al4O6+ could bring about hydrogen atom abstraction reaction to generate CH3• radical; however, only NiAl3O6+ has the potential to stabilize [CH3] moiety and then transform [CH3] to CH2O. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the terminal oxygen radicals (Ot-•) bound to Al act as the reactive sites for the two clusters to activate the first C-H bond. Although the Ni atom cannot directly participate in methane activation, it can manipulate the electronic environment of the surrounding bridging oxygen atoms (Ob) and enable such Ob to function as an electron reservoir to help Ot-• oxidize CH4 to [H-O-CH3]. The facile reduction of Ni3+ to Ni+ also facilitates the subsequent step of activating the second C-H bond by the bridging "lattice oxygen" (Ob2-), finally enabling the oxidation of methane into formaldehyde. The important role of the dopant Ni played in improving the product selectivity of CH2O for methane conversion discovered in this study allows us to have a possible molecule-level understanding of the excellent performance of the catalysts doping with nickel.

Pressure-Triggered Fluorescence Intensity Ratio Variations of YNbO4:Bi3+/Ln3+ (Ln = Eu or Sm) for High-Sensitivity Optical Pressure Sensing.

Optical pressure sensing by phosphors is a growing area of research. However, the main pressure measurement methods rely on the movement of the central peak position, which has significant drawbacks for practical applications. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of different emission peaks for pressure sensing. The FIR (IBi3+/ILn3+) values of the synthesized YNbO4:Bi3+/Ln3+ (Ln = Eu or Sm) phosphors are all first-order exponentially related to pressure, and YNbO4:Bi3+/Ln3+ (Ln = Eu or Sm) phosphors have high pressure-sensing sensitivities (Sp and Spr), which are 6 times higher than those from our previously reported work. In addition, the changes in FIR values during the decompression process were also calculated, and the trend was similar to that during the compression process. The YNbO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphor has better pressure recovery performance. In summary, the YNbO4:Bi3+/Ln3+ (Ln = Eu or Sm) phosphors reported in this paper are expected to be applied in the field of optical pressure sensing, and this study provides a new approach and perspective for designing new phosphors for pressure measurement.

Co-fermentation of titanium-flocculated-sludge with food waste towards simultaneous water purification and resource recovery.

Recovery of resources from domestic sewage and food waste has always been an international-thorny problem. Titanium-based flocculation can achieve high-efficient destabilization, quick concentration and separation of organic matter from sewage to sludge. This study proposed co-fermentation of the titanium-flocculated sludge (Ti-loaded sludge) and food waste towards resource recovery by converting organic matter to value-added volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and inorganic matter to struvite and TiO2 nanoparticles. When Ti-loaded sludge and food waste were co-fermented at a mass ratio of 3:1, the VFAs yield reached 3725.2 mg-COD/L (VFAs/SCOD 91.0%), which was more than 4 times higher than the case of the sludge alone. The 48-day semicontinuous co-fermentation demonstrated stable long-term operation, yielding VFAs at 2529.0 mg-COD/L (VFAs/SCOD 89.8%) and achieving a high CODVFAs/NNH4 of 58.9. Food waste provided sufficient organic substrate, enriching plenty of acid-producing fermentation bacteria (such as Prevotella 7 about 21.0% and Bacteroides about 9.4%). Moreover, metagenomic sequencing analysis evidenced the significant increase of the relative gene abundance corresponding to enzymes in pathways, such as extracellular hydrolysis, substrates metabolism, and VFAs biosynthesis. After fermentation, the precious element P (≥ 99.0%) and extra-added element Ti (≥99.0%) retained in fermented residues, without releasing to VFAs supernatant, which facilitated the direct re-use of VFAs as resource. Through simple and commonly used calcination and acid leaching methodologies, 80.9% of element P and 82.1% of element Ti could be successfully recovered as struvite and TiO2 nanoparticles, respectively. This research provides a strategy for the co-utilization of domestic sludge and food waste, which can realize both reduction of sludge and recovery of resources.

One-Electron (2c/1e) Tin···Tin Bond Stabilized by ortho-Phenylenediamido Ligands.

Odd-electron bonds, i.e., the two-center, three-electron (2c/3e), or one-electron (2c/1e) bonds, have attracted tremendous interest owing to their novel bonding nature and radical properties. Herein, complex [K(THF)6][LSn:···Sn:L] (1), featuring the first and unsupported 2c/1e Sn···Sn σ-bond with a long distance (3.2155(9) Å), was synthesized by reduction of stannylene [LSn:] (L = N,N-dpp-o-phenylene diamide) with KC8. The one-electron Sn-Sn bond in 1 was confirmed by the crystal structure, DFT calculations, EPR spectroscopy, and reactivity studies. This compound can be viewed as a stabilized radical by delocalizing to two metal centers and can readily mediate radical reactions such as C-C coupling of benzaldehyde.

A Multi-Resolution Denoising Method for Low-Dose CT Based on the Reconstruction of Wavelet High-Frequency Channel.

Computed tomography (CT) is widely applied in contemporary clinic. Due to the radiation risks carried by X-rays, the imaging and post-processing methods of low-dose CT (LDCT) become popular topics in academia and industrial community. Generally, LDCT presents strong noise and artifacts, while existing algorithms cannot completely overcome the blurring effects and meantime reduce the noise. The proposed method enables CT extend to independent frequency channels by wavelet transformation, then two separate networks are established for low-frequency denoising and high-frequency reconstruction. The clean signals from high-frequency channel are reconstructed through channel translation, which is essentially effective in preserving detailed structures. The public dataset from Mayo Clinic was used for model training and testing. The experiments showed that the proposed method achieves a better quantitative result (PSNR: 37.42dB, SSIM: 0.8990) and details recovery visually, which demonstrates our framework can better restore the detailed features while significantly suppressing the noise.

Multimodality Fusion Method Based on Multiview Subspace Clustering for Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is an important clinical disorder that will result in lung tissue damage or low blood oxygen levels, which need early diagnosis and timely treatment. While computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the gold standard to diagnose PE, previous studies have verified the effectiveness of combing CTPA and EMR data in computer-aided PE detection or diagnosis. In this paper, we proposed a multimodality fusion method based on multi-view subspace clustering guided feature selection (MSCUFS). The extracted high-dimensional image and EMR features are firstly selected and fused by the MSCUFS, and then are feed into different machine learning models with different fusion strategy to construct the PE classifier. The experiment results showed that the joint fusion strategy with MSCUFS achieved best AUROC of 0.947, surpassing other early fusion and late fusion models. The comparison between single modality and multimodality also illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Production of hispidin polyphenols from medicinal mushroom Sanghuangporus vaninii in submerged cultures.

Objective: The medicinal mushroom Sanghuangporus vaninii produces pharmaceutically valuable hispidin polyphenols in natural habitats. However, due to the slow growth in nature, S. vaninii grown in the field (sclerotia) is not reliable for pharmaceutical purposes. Although higher biomass of fungal mycelia can be obtained in submerged cultures, the accumulation of hispidin polyphenols is rare. Methods: In this study, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid (LA), linolenic acid (ALA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJa) were employed as the stimulant agents to coordinate the accumulation of biomass and hispidin polyphenols in its submerged cultures. Results: The addition of LA and ALA promoted the mycelial accumulation, while the addition of MeJa inhibited the growth of S. vaninii concomitant with reduced total polyphenols. UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS analysis revealed an increased production of hispidin, phellinstatin, pinnilidine, and its derivatives upon the addition of LA and ALA, and hypholomine B and its isomer, 3,14'-bihispidinyl, and phelligridin E upon the addition of MeJa on day 13. Intriguingly, total polyphenols from the MeJa-supplementing cultures harbored a high capacity in scavenging free radicals. Chemical structural analysis showed that hispidin polyphenols had higher antioxidant activity due to more hispidin moieties induced by MeJa. Conclusion: The supplement of PUFAs affects the synthesis and composition of hispidin polyphenols in S. vaninii. Our results provide a possibility to coordinate the production of hispidin polyphenols via submerged cultures of S. vaninii.

Partial Label Multi-organ Segmentation based on Local Feature Enhancement.

The automatic segmentation of abdominal organs from CT images is essential for surgical planning of abdominal diseases. However, each medical institution only annotates some organs according to its own clinical practice. This brings the partial annotation problem to multi-center abdominal multi-organ segmentation. To address this issue, we introduce a 3D local feature enhanced multi-head segmentation network for multi-organ segmentation of abdominal regions in multiple partially labeled datasets. More specifically, our proposed architecture consists of two branches, the global branch with 3D Transformer and U-Net fusion named 3D TransUNet as the backbone, and the local 3D U-Net branch that provides additional abdominal organ structure information to the global branch to generate more accurate segmentation results. We evaluate our method on four publicly available CT datasets with four different partial label. Our experiments show that the proposed approach provides better accuracy and robustness, with 93.01% average Dice-score-coefficient (DSC) and 3.489 mm Hausdorff Distance (HD) outperforming three existing state-of-the-art methods.

Host-Guest-Interaction Enhanced Nitric Oxide Photo-Generation within a Pillar[5]arene Cavity for Antibacterial Gas Therapy.

Supramolecular macrocycles with intrinsic cavities have been widely explored as containers to fabricate versatile functional materials via specific host-guest recognitions. However, relatively few studies have focused on the modulation of guest reactivity within a macrocyclic cavity. Here, we demonstrate the confinement effect of pillar[5]arene with an electron-rich and precise cavity that can dramatically enhance guest photoactivity and nitric oxide (NO) generation upon visible light irradiation. Mechanism studies reveal that it is achieved through increasing the ground state nitro-aromatic torsion angle, suppressing the intersystem crossing relaxation path of the S1 state, and accelerating the isomerization reaction path of guest molecules. This NO-generating system displays broad-spectrum antibacterial, biofilm inhibition, and dispersal activities. Moreover, it can accelerate the healing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected wounds in vivo.

The sensor histidine kinase (SLN1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) coordinately regulate the response of Neurospora crassa to the springtail Sinella curviseta (Collembola: Entomobryidae) attack.

IMPORTANCE: Understanding the regulatory pathways by which fungi respond to environmental signals through interlinked genes provides insights into the interactions between fungi and insects. The coordinated optimization of the regulatory networks is necessary for fungi to adapt to their habitats. We demonstrated that the synergistic regulation of sensor histidine kinase (SLN1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) plays a critical role in regulating the fungal response to Sinella curviseta stress. Furthermore, we found that the enhanced production of trehalose, carotenoids, and 5-MTHF plays crucial role in the resistance to the fungivore. Our results provide insights into the understanding of the adaptation of N. crassa to environmental stimuli.

The role of extracellular vesicles in skeletal muscle wasting.

Skeletal muscle wasting is a complicated metabolic syndrome accompanied by multiple diseases ranging from cancer to metabolic disorders and infectious conditions. The loss of muscle mass significantly impairs muscle function, resulting in poor quality of life and high mortality of associated diseases. The fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms inducing muscle wasting have been well established, and those related pathways can be activated by a variety of extracellular signals, including inflammatory cytokines and catabolic stimuli. As an emerging messenger of cell-to-cell communications, extracellular vesicles (EVs) also get involved in the progression of muscle wasting by transferring bioactive cargoes including various proteins and non-coding RNAs to skeletal muscle. Like a double-edged sword, EVs play either a pro-wasting or anti-wasting role in the progression of muscle wasting, highly dependent on their parental cells as well as the specific type of cargo they encapsulate. This review aims to illustrate the current knowledge about the biological function of EVs cargoes in skeletal muscle wasting. Additionally, the potential therapeutic implications of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal muscle wasting are also discussed. Simultaneously, several outstanding questions are included to shed light on future research.

Utilizing AAV-mediated LEAPER 2.0 for programmable RNA editing in non-human primates and nonsense mutation correction in humanized Hurler syndrome mice.

BACKGROUND: The endogenous adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) have been harnessed to facilitate precise adenosine-to-inosine editing on RNAs. However, the practicability of this approach for therapeutic purposes is still ambiguous due to the variable expression of intrinsic ADAR across various tissues and species, as well as the absence of all-encompassing confirmation for delivery methods. RESULTS: In this study, we demonstrate that AAV-mediated delivery of circular ADAR-recruiting RNAs (arRNAs) achieves effective RNA editing in non-human primates at dosages suitable for therapy. Within a time frame of 4 to 13 weeks following infection, the editing efficiency in AAV-infected cells can reach approximately 80%, with no discernible toxicity, even at elevated dosages. In addition, when AAV-delivered circular arRNAs are systematically administered to a humanized mouse model of Hurler syndrome, it rectifies the premature stop codon precisely and restores the functionality of IDUA enzyme encoded by the Hurler causative gene in multiple organs. CONCLUSIONS: These discoveries considerably bolster the prospects of employing AAV-borne circular arRNAs for therapeutic applications and exploratory translational research.

Activation of Methane by Rhodium Clusters on a Model Support C20H10.

Supported metals represent an important family of catalysts for the transformation of the most stable alkane, methane, under mild conditions. Here, using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry coupled with a newly designed double ion trap reactor that can run at high temperatures, we successfully immobilize a series of Rhn- (n = 4-8) cluster anions on a model support C20H10. Reactivity measurements at room temperature identify a significantly enhanced performance of large-sized Rh7,8C20H10- toward methane activation compared to that of free Rh7,8-. The "support" acting as an "electron sponge" is emphasized as the key factor to improve the reactivity of large-sized clusters, for which the high electron-withdrawing capability of C20H10 dramatically shifts the active Rh atom from the apex position in free Rh7- to the edge position in "supported" Rh7- to enhance CH4 adsorption, while the flexibility of C20H10 to release electrons further promotes subsequent C-H activation. The Rh atoms in direct contact with the support serve as electron-relay stations for electron transfer between C20H10 and the active Rh atom. This work not only establishes a novel approach to prepare and measure the reactivity of "supported" metal clusters in isolated gas phase but provides useful atomic-scale insights for understanding the chemical behavior of carbon (e.g., graphene)-supported metals in heterogeneous catalysis.

Effectiveness and Safety of Palbociclib Plus Endocrine Therapy in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer: A Multi-Center Study in China.

BACKGROUND: Palbociclib has been approved for marketing in China. However, its effectiveness, safety, and latent variables in the Chinese population require further investigation. METHODS: Information was retrieved from 397 patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC) who received at least two cycles of palbociclib plus endocrine therapy (PAL plus ET) at eight clinical sites in China. The patients' demographic characteristics, treatment patterns, and adverse events (AEs) were analyzed. RESULTS: The objective response rate (ORR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR) for PAL plus ET were 28.97% and 66.25%, respectively. The median PFS was 14.2 months in the whole population. In addition to protein Ki-67 status and sensitivity to ETs, no liver metastases, fewer metastatic sites, an earlier line of therapy, and treatment combined with AI instead of FUL were also considered as independent prognostic factors for PAL treatment. Administration of PAL was generally well tolerated in patients with hormone-receptor-positive and human-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-2-negative (HR+/HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC). The therapy was safe in the elderly population, which is consistent with the outcomes of the whole population and previous reports. CONCLUSIONS: In this most widely distributed study in China to date, palbociclib combined with ET proved its effectiveness for HR+/HER2- ABC treatment, and adverse events were manageable. Here, we identified some independent prognosis factors, but the mechanism by which these factors influence effectiveness requires further verification.

Insights into the mechanisms of microbiome and metabolome changes mediated by understory interplanting mode in Polygonatum sibiricum.

Background: Polygonatum sibiricum is an understory economic plant, and its dried rhizome is a traditional Chinese medicine. The purpose of this study was to connect the quality improvement of the understory plant P. sibiricum with specific microorganisms. Methods: Amplicon and metabolome sequencing were conducted for P. sibiricum interplanted under three types of trees and in the field, and the relationship between the microbiome and secondary metabolism was explored. Results: Principal component analysis (PCA) divided field cultivated and understory interplanted groups into two classes. A total of 95 different metabolites were found, with four expression patterns. The alpha diversity of rhizosphere bacteria and endosphere fungi in the understory interplanted group was significantly higher than that in the farmland cultivated group. There were 276 different rhizosphere microorganism genera among the four groups; however, only 33 different endosphere genera were observed, indicating that endophytic microbial diversity was relatively stable within the P. sibiricum rhizome, especially for endosphere bacteria. Cointertia analysis (CoIA) suggested that the metabolite changes in P. sibiricum induced by interplanting under different trees were more strongly affected by rhizosphere microorganisms than by endosphere microorganisms. In addition, the interactions between rhizosphere microorganisms and metabolites in the farmland group were weakened compared with those in the underplanted groups. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that Aspergillus and Ellin6067 had the greatest influence on the metabolites. Myrmecridium, as a shared microbe in the rhizosphere and endosphere, had interaction effects with the largest number of microbes. Conclusion: This study revealed the interactions between the microbes and metabolites in P. sibiricum and systematically explored the mechanism underlying their correlation, which was mediated by the understory interplanting mode. This study provides feasible strategies for improving the medicinal value of P. sibiricum by regulating microorganisms.